Evaluación de los trastornos de personalidad. Una revisión sistemática

RESUMEN Fundamento En el contexto de la evaluación de los trastornos de personalidad, resulta relevante el empleo adecuado de cada uno de los instrumentos existentes para realizarla. De este modo, es necesario el conocimiento a cabalidad de las propiedades psicométricas de estos. Objetivo describir estudios que evalúan los trastornos de personalidad mediante el empleo de instrumentos. Métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática, a través de la Declaración PRISMA, en las bases de datos Cochrane, PubMed, Scielo, EBSCO, y PsycInfo, en el período octubre-diciembre de 2019. Un total de 183 artículos fueron considerados elegibles. Luego de aplicados los criterios de selección, conformaron la muestra 12 artículos. Resultados el Inventario Clínico Dimensional de Personalidad fue el más utilizado, el cual se encontró en las tres modalidades de artículos incluidos; especialmente en estudios de adaptación y validación de instrumentos de evaluación de los trastornos de personalidad (también en su versión 2); así como el Personality Inventory for DSM-5. Conclusión La revisión desarrollada se caracterizó por su heterogeneidad, y evidenció la falta de consenso en la comunidad científica, acerca cuáles instrumentos son los más idóneos para la valoración de los trastornos de personalidad en la actualidad.

ABSTRACT Background In the personality disorders evaluation context, the proper use of each of the existing instruments to carry it out is relevant. Thus, full knowledge of the psychometric properties is necessary. Objective to describe studies that evaluates personality disorders through the use of instruments. Methods: a systematic review was carried out, through the PRISMA Statement, in the Cochrane, PubMed, Scielo, EBSCO, and PsycInfo databases, from October to December 2019. A total of 183 articles were considered eligible. After applying the selection criteria, the sample comprised 12 articles. Results the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory was the most used, which was found in the three types of articles included; mainly in studies of adaptation and validation of assessment instruments for personality disorders (also in version 2); as well as the Personality Inventory for DSM-5. Conclusion The developed review was characterized by its heterogeneity, and evidenced the lack of consensus in the scientific community, about which instruments are the most suitable for the assessment of personality disorders today.

Assessment of juvenile delinquency: convergent and criterion validity of the Jesness Inventory - revised - Brazilian - short form / Avaliação em delinquência juvenil: validade convergente e de critério do Inventário de Jesness - revisado - brasileiro - reduzido

The aim of this study was to analyze evidence of convergent and concurrent criterion validity of the scales of the short form of the Jesness Inventory - Revised - Brazilian version. A sample of 597 male adolescents, aged between 12 and 20 years, participated in the study. The evidence of convergent validity obtained indicates that most scales would have maintained their interpretive meaning in the short form. They also indicated the need for further investigations on the Immaturity scale. The concurrent criterion validity suggests that high scores on the scales can differentiate adolescents based on both criteria, Judicialization and Frequency of self-reported delinquency in the last 12 months. Investment in standardized and brief instruments can drive the development of evidence-based practices in the juvenile justice system and, for this, a research agenda is presented.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar evidências de validade convergente e de critério concorrente das escalas da versão reduzida do Inventário de Jesness - Revisado Brasileiro. Participaram do estudo 597 adolescentes do sexo masculino, com idades entre 12 e 20 anos. As evidências de validade convergente obtidas indicam que a maioria das escalas teria mantido o seu sentido interpretativo na versão reduzida. Indicaram também a necessidade de mais investigações para a escala de Imaturidade. A validade de critério concorrente sugere que altas pontuações nas escalas são capazes de diferenciar adolescentes com base nos critérios Judicialização e Frequência de delitos autorrevelados nos últimos 12 meses. O investimento em instrumentos padronizados e breves pode impulsionar o desenvolvimento de práticas baseadas em evidências no sistema de justiça juvenil e, para isso, uma agenda de pesquisa é apresentada.

AVALIAÇÃO DO DANO PSÍQUICO ASSOCIADO AO DEPOIMENTO ESPECIAL / PSYCHOLOGICAL DAMAGE ASSOCIATED WITH SPECIAL INQUIRY ASSESSMENT / EVALUACIÓN DEL DAÑO PSÍQUICO RELACIONADO CON EL TESTIMONIO ESPECIAL

O Depoimento Especial de crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual vem sendo realizado por psicólogos judiciários. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir um modelo de avaliação psicológica prévia ao depoimento, voltada à ocorrência de danos psíquicos ou revitimização a ele associados. Para tanto, apresenta-se síntese reflexiva da experiência profissional dos autores em processos criminais envolvendo violência contra crianças e adolescentes, debatida à luz da literatura especializada nas áreas da Avaliação Psicológica e Psicologia Forense. Na dimensão intrapsíquica do dano, sugere-se a avaliação de fantasias, ansiedades e mecanismos de defesa da criança associados ao depor. Na dimensão intersubjetiva, aprecia-se seu nível de desenvolvimento cognitivo, raciocínio moral e vinculação ao entrevistador. Observou-se a aplicabilidade das técnicas projetivas temáticas ­ CAT-A, TAT e Procedimento de Desenhos-Estórias ­ para avaliar tais constructos, utilizando-se vinhetas clínico-forenses para ilustrar o raciocínio avaliativo. Conclui-se qu

The Special Inquiry of child and adolescent sexually assaulted has been discharged by forensic psychologists. This article aims to discuss a model of psychological assessment prior to the inquiry, targeted to the occurrence of psychological damage or revictimization associated with it. For this, a reflexive synthesis of the authors' professional experience in criminal proceedings involving violence against children is presented, discussed within the specialized literature in Psychological Assessment and Forensic Psychology In the damage's intrapsychic dimension, it is suggested to assess child's fantasies, anxieties and defense mechanisms regarding testifying. In the intersubjective dimension, their level of cognitive development, moral reasoning and attachment to the interviewer is evaluated. The applicability of thematic projective techniques ­ CAT-A, TAT and Drawing-Stories Procedure - was observed to approach such constructs, using clinical-forensic vignettes to illustrate the evaluative reasoning. It is concluded that protecting the child from the criminal suit is protecting the criminal suit itself.

El Testimonio Especial de niños y adolescentes víctimas de violencia sexual ha sido realizado por psicólogos judiciales. El objetivo de este artículo es discutir un modelo de evaluación psicológica previa a la inquisición, dirigido a la ocurrencia de daños psicológicos o revictimización correlativos. Para eso, se presenta una síntesis reflexiva de la experiencia profesional de los autores en procesos penales de violencia infanto-juvenil, debatida con la literatura especializada en las áreas de Evaluación Psicológica y Psicología Forense. En la dimensión intrapsíquica del daño, evaluanse fantasías, ansiedades y mecanismos de defensa del niño. En la dimensión intersubjetiva, apreciase su nivel de desarrollo cognitivo, razonamiento moral y vinculación al entrevistador. Se observó la aplicabilidad de las técnicas proyectivas temáticas ­ CAT-A, TAT y Procedimiento de Dibujo-Cuentos ­ en la evaluación, usándose viñetas clínico-forenses para ilustrar el razonamiento evaluativo. Se concluye que proteger al niño del proceso penal es proteger el proprio proceso penal.

Procrastinar academicamente é coisa de perfeccionista? Correlatos valorativos e da personalidade / ¿Procrastinar académicamente es una cuestión perfeccionista? Correlación entre el valor y la personalidad / Procrastinating Academically is Something of a Perfectionist? Value and Personality Correlations

Resumo O presente estudo objetivou conhecer o poder preditivo dos traços de personalidade, dos valores humanos e do perfeccionismo para com a procrastinação acadêmica, propondo um modelo explicativo. Participaram 348 universitários, a maioria do sexo feminino (58.4 %), com idade média de 22 anos (DP = 5.9). Estes, responderam a Escala de Procrastinação Acadêmica; a Escala de Quase Perfeição - Revisada; o Questionário dos Valores Básicos; o Inventário dos Cinco Grandes Fatores da Personalidade e perguntas demográficas. Baseado na regressão, propôs-se um modelo explicativo no qual a conscienciosidade predisse as dimensões de perfeccionismo (adaptativo e desadaptativo) e estas, por sua vez, predisseram a procrastinação acadêmica. Os resultados apontam para um ajuste satisfatório deste modelo que contribuem para o entendimento da procrastinação acadêmica.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender el poder predictivo de los rasgos de personalidad, los valores humanos y el perfeccionismo hacia la procrastinación académica, proponiendo un modelo explicativo. Participaron 348 estudiantes universitarios, la mayoría mujeres (58.4 %), con una edad media de 22 años (DE = 5.9). Estas respondieron a la Escala de Procrastinación Académica; la Escala de Casi Perfección - Revisada; el Cuestionario de Valores Básicos; el Inventario de los Cinco Grandes Factores de la Personalidad y preguntas demográficas. A partir de un análisis de regresión, se propuso un modelo explicativo en el que la escrupulosidad predijo las dimensiones del perfeccionismo (adaptativo y desadaptativo) y estas, a su vez, predijeron la procrastinación académica. Los resultados apuntan a un ajuste satisfactorio de este modelo que contribuye a la comprensión de la procrastinación académica.

Abstract The present study aimed at discerning the predictive power of personality traits, human values, and perfectionism towards academic procrastination, proposing an explanatory model. Participants were 348 undergraduates, most of them female (58.4 %), with a mean age of 22 years (SD = 5.9). They answered the Academic Procrastination Scale, the Almost Perfect Scale - Revised, the Basic Values Survey, the Big Five Inventory, and demographic questions. Based on regression analysis, an explanatory model was proposed where conscientiousness predicted the dimensions of perfectionism (adaptive and maladaptive) that in turn predicted academic procrastination. Results suggested a satisfactory fit of the model to the indices that contributes to the understanding of academic procrastination.

Construct validity of a new scale for assessing anger proneness (APS-G) / Propiedades psicométricas de una nueva escala para evaluar la propensión a la ira (APS-G)

Abstract Introduction The negative effects of anger on health highlight the value of developing short, reliable, and valid instruments that allow its assessment whether for the purpose of research, clinical diagnosis, and/or evaluation of interventions aimed at reducing it effectively. Objective The primary aim of this research was to determine the construct, convergent, and discriminant validity, as well as the factorial invariance, of a new scale to measure anger proneness. Method A confirmatory factorial analysis was used. Results An online nonprobability sample composed of 457 participants (35.2% men and 64.8% women), with a mean age of 36.87 years (SD = 12.513) was recruited. The unidimensional model of the García's Brief Scale for Assessing Anger Proneness (APS-G scale) shows a good data fit (df = 2; χ2 = 5.515; χ2/df = 2.575; CFI = .993; GFI = .996; RMSEA = .051; SRMR = .0193). There are factorial, configural, metric, unrestricted, strong, and strict factorial invariances between men and women. Likewise, a positive correlation coefficient exists between the APS-G scale and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2) (r = .561; p < .01); on the other hand, there is a negative correlation coefficient between the studied scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) (r = -.179; p < .01). Discussion and conclusion A new reliable and valid instrument to measure anger proneness has been created, and its use is proposed for research and screening purposes with Spanish-speaking population.

Resumen Introducción Los efectos negativos de la ira sobre la salud apuntan a la importancia de desarrollar instrumentos cortos, confiables y válidos que permitan su evaluación, ya sea con propósitos de investigación, diagnóstico clínico y/o evaluaciones de intervenciones que la reduzcan de manera efectiva. Objetivo El objetivo primario fue determinar la validez de constructo, convergente y discriminante, así como la invarianza factorial, de una nueva escala para medir la disposición a la ira. Método Se usó un análisis factorial confirmatorio para evaluar la estructura factorial subyacente y para identificar la validez de constructo del modelo de medición. Resultados Se reclutó una muestra en línea no probabilística compuesta por 457 participantes (35.2% hombres y 64.8% mujeres), con una edad promedio de 36.87 años (DE = 12.513). El modelo de medición muestra una buena bondad de ajuste para la escala unidimensional EPI-G (gl = 2; χ2 = 5.515; χ2/gl = 2.575; CFI = .993; GFI = .996; RMSEA = .051; SRMR = .0193). Se encuentra invarianza factorial configuracional, métrica, fuerte y estricta entre hombres y mujeres, además de una correlación positiva entre la escala propuesta y la Expresión Externa de la Ira del STAXI-2 (r = .561; p < .01) y negativa con la escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS) (r = -.179; p < .01). Discusión y conclusión Un nuevo instrumento para medir la disposición a la ira fue creado para propósitos de investigación y tamizaje, sobre todo en población hispanohablante.

Temperament and character traits in major depressive disorder: a case control study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have distinct personality traits, compared with control subjects, although the role of anxiety and positive and negative affects in this finding is unclear. DESIGN AND SETTING: A case-control study enrolling 103 antidepressant-free depressed patients and 103 age and gender-matched controls was conducted at the University Hospital, University of São Paulo. METHODS: The self-reported scales of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) were applied. Temperament and character traits were compared between groups using multivariate and bivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA and ANOVA). The influence of anxiety and affect was further investigated using ANOVA and mediation analyses. RESULTS: Depressed patients presented higher harm avoidance and lower self-directedness scores than controls. After adjustment for anxiety trait, harm avoidance was no longer significantly different between groups. Mediation analysis revealed that the anxiety trait, but not state-anxiety or affect, fully mediated the influence of group (depressed versus control subjects) on harm avoidance. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm that depressed patients present personality traits distinct from those of controls and suggest that MDD is not directly associated with harm avoidance, but that this effect is fully mediated through the anxiety trait.

Fatores Associados ao Estresse no Internato Médico / Factors Associated with Stress in Medical School

RESUMO Objetivo O presente trabalho objetivou identificar a ocorrência de estresse, traços de personalidade e repertório de habilidades sociais de estudantes de Medicina de duas escolas médicas no Tocantins no período do internato. Metodologia Numa amostra de 50 internos de Medicina, foram aplicados um questionário para dados biográficos e sobre o internato e três testes psicológicos: Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse de Lipp, Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade e Inventário de Habilidades Sociais. Resultados Identificou-se que parte da população estudada apresentava estresse (52%), com predominância de sintomas psicológicos e numa fase potencialmente adoecedora, mas pouco vista como tal (fase de resistência). Observaram-se também características de personalidade como baixa abertura a ideias e baixo nível de comunicação, bem como alto empenho e instabilidade. Em paralelo, identificou-se um repertório de habilidades sociais baixo nas habilidades necessárias à autoafirmação na expressão de sentimentos positivos. Viu-se também que alguns alunos necessitaram de ajuda especializada (psicólogo e psiquiatra) durante o curso, mesmo que com queixas não direcionadas a este. Conclusão As análises correlacionais realizadas sugerem que o fator neuroticismo e as facetas nível de comunicação e confiança nas pessoas são diferentes nas pessoas com estresse. Esse aspecto e a dificuldade de expressar afetos positivos indicam uma das direções quanto aos fatores predisponentes ao desenvolvimento de estresse no estudante de Medicina. Aliam-se características de personalidade, que indicam uma tendência de comportamento, a uma das fases mais tensas do curso médico (internato).

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to identify stress, personality traits and social skills among students at two medical schools in Tocantins during their clerkship period. Methodology A sample of 50 clerkship students was given a questionnaire on biographical data and aspects of the clerkship, along with three psychological tests: Lipp’s Stress Symptoms Inventory, the Personality Factorial Battery, and the Social Skills Inventory. Results The population under study showed signs of stress (52%), with a predominance of psychological symptoms potentially constituting an illness, but rarely seen as such (resistance phase). Personality characteristics such as low openness to ideas, poor communication skills, high commitment, and instability were also registered. Parallel to this was our identification of a repertoire of low social skills in terms of the self-assertion skills required in the expression of positive feelings. Some students also needed expert (psychologist and psychiatrist) assistance during the course with complaints unaddressed. Conclusion The correlational analyses suggest that neuroticism and levels of communication and trust in others are different in people experiencing stress. This aspect, along with a difficulty in expressing positive emotions, indicates one way a predisposing factor may develop into stress among medical students. This may be added to personality traits and their associated behavior trends, during one of the tensest phases of medical school (clerkship).

Personality assessment in chronic pain patients / Avaliação da personalidade em pacientes com dor crônica

Abstract In Brazil, studies investigating the personality characteristics of chronic pain patients are scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate the personality characteristics of patients with chronic pain and to compare them with those of patients without this condition. To this end, the Personality Disorders Dimensional Inventory and the Hypochondriasis scale of the Brazilian version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory were administered. Two different statistical analyses were carried out: the t - test to determine the differences between the scores for the two groups and the logistic regression analysis to examine the predictive power of the scales for the diagnosis of chronic pain. The results revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) among the Histrionic, Hypochondriasis, and Sadistic scales as predictors for the groups studied, with larger effect sizes on the Histrionic and Hypochondriasis scales. The authors suggest that the use of these scales in a clinical context may provide important information for health professionals.

Resumo No Brasil, estudos investigando as características da personalidade em pacientes com dor crônica são escassos. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar as características da personalidade em pacientes com dor crônica e compará-las com as de pessoas sem esse diagnóstico. Para tanto, foram aplicados o Inventário Dimensional de Transtornos da Personalidade e a Escala de Hipocondria da versão brasileira do Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Duas análises estatísticas distintas foram empregadas, sendo elas o teste t, para verificar diferenças entre as pontuações dos dois grupos, e a análise de regressão logística, para investigar a capacidade preditiva das escalas para o diagnóstico de dor crônica. Os resultados indicaram diferenças significativas (p < 0,05) nas escalas Histriônico, Hipocondria e Sádico como preditores dos grupos estabelecidos, com maiores magnitudes as escalas Histriônico e Hipocondria. Os autores sugerem que o uso das escalas para o contexto clínico pode agregar informações relevantes para o profissional.

Self-report personality tests and medical school selection

Background: There has been a growing interest on the assessment of personality when selecting medical students. However, how faking may affect its usefulness has been poorly addressed. Therefore, we aimed to assess the faking effect on self-report personality tests in the selection process of graduates to a medical school. Methods: Sixty-seven graduates admitted as medical students completed the 60-item NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability short-form scale at the stage of applying (baseline assessment) and after they had already been admitted (follow-up assessment). Reliability was assessed by the intra-class correlation coefficient and means of the personality traits compared by two paired sample t tests. Results: At baseline assessment, the participants showed higher scores on the conscientiousness and lower scores on the neuroticism traits, respectively, 40.3 vs. 38.5 (p= 0.026) and 17.0 vs. 18.5 (p= 0.089). Also, at the follow-up assessment, the participants with low social desirability scored higher on the traits of openness to experience (−1.63 vs. 1.12, p= 0.036), conscientiousness (−3.09 vs. 0.03, p= 0.022), and neuroticism (3.88 vs. −0.69, p= 0.012). Conclusions: Our study does not suggest the use of self-report personality assessment in medical student's selection as it can be faked particularly among applicants with low social desirability. Research is required to evaluate the faking effect on indirect personality assessment, namely through the tools that aim to select non-academic characteristics. (AU)

Relations between Eastern Four Pillars Theory and Western Measures of Personality Traits

PURPOSE: The present study investigated the validity of personality classification using four pillars theory, a tradition in China and northeastern Asia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four pillars analyses were performed for 148 adults on the basis of their birth year, month, day, and hour. Participants completed two personality tests, the Korean version of Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised-Short Version (TCI) and the Korean Inventory of Interpersonal Problems; scores were correlated with four pillars classification elements. Mean difference tests (e.g., t-test, ANOVA) were compared with groups classified by four pillars index. RESULTS: There were no significant correlations between personality scale scores and total yin/yang number (i.e., the 8 heavenly or earthly stems), and no significant between-groups results for classifications by yin/yang day stem and the five elements. There were significant but weak (r=0.18-0.29) correlations between the five elements and personality scale scores. For the six gods and personality scales, there were significant but weak (r=0.18-0.25) correlations. Features predicted by four pillars theory were most consistent when participants were grouped according to the yin/yang of the day stem and dominance of yin/yang numbers in the eight heavenly or earthly stems. CONCLUSION: Although the major criteria of four pillars theory were not independently correlated with personality scale scores, correlations emerged when participants were grouped according to the composite yin/yang variable. Our results suggest the utility of four pillars theory (beyond fortune telling or astrology) for classifying personality traits and making behavioral predictions.

Migraine and personality：a controlled study of 86 cases by means of the MMPI / 重庆医学

Objective To understand and explore the personality characteristic of patients with migraine .To prevent and solve the health problems and provide scientific basis .Methods 100 patients with migraineurs were examined by self -edited question-naier and the Chinese version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory .86 effective questionnaiers which made up by 30 males and 56 females(aged from 18 to 65 ,46 years in average) were collected and analyzed .The subjects were grouped according to the gender ,and compared with the Chinese normal .Results In the male patients ,the measured scales of L ,HS ,D ,Hy ,Pd ,Pt and Ma appeared significantly higher than those in the normal males (P<0 .05) ,while in the female ,the measured scales of F ,Hs ,D , Hy ,Pa ,Pt and Ma appeared significantly higher than those in the normal females (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Patients with migraine have some changes in personality .Male patients and female patients were different .Eealy screening and intervention in the treatment of personality will help to improve the treatment of migraine effect .

Preliminary reliability and validity of the spanish generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation scale / Confiabilidad y validez preliminares de la versión en español de la escala de expectativas generalizadas para la regulación del ánimo negativo

OBJECTIVE: This article introduces a Spanish version of the Generalized Expectancies for Negative Mood Regulation Scale (NMR-S) and tests the reliability and the validity of the new questionnaire. METHODS: A sample of 360 students from Chile completed the NMR-S along with instruments measuring depressive symptoms, social desirability, coping, and emotion regulation. RESULTS: A factor analysis indicated that the NMR-S has a one-dimensional structure. The reliability of the new instrument was α = 0.89. The concurrent validity of the NMR-S was supported by correlations with measures of coping, emotion regulation, and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the NMR-S predicted depressive symptoms when controlling for emotion regulation and coping. CONCLUSIONS: The findings are the first evidence to support the reliability and validity of the NMR-S.

OBJETIVO: En este artículo se presenta la versión en español de la Escala de Expectativas Generalizadas para la Regulación del Animo Negativo (NMR-S) y se evalúa la confiabilidad y la validez del nuevo cuestionario. MÉTODOS: Una muestra de 360 estudiantes de Chile completó la NMR-S junto con instrumentos dirigidos a medir síntomas depresivos, deseabilidad social, afrontamiento y regulación emocional. RESULTADOS: Un análisis factorial indicó que la NMR-S tiene una estructura unidimensional. La confiabilidad del nuevo instrumento fue de α = 0,89. La validez concurrente de la NMR-S fue avalada a través de su correlación con las mediciones de afrontamiento, regulación emocional y síntomas depresivos. Asimismo, la NMR-S predijo los síntomas depresivos cuando se controló por la regulación emocional y el afrontamiento. CONCLUSIONES: Los datos presentados son la primera evidencia para avalar la confiabilidad y la validez de la NMR-S.

Influence of History of Brain Disease or Brain Trauma on Psychopathological Abnormality in Young Male in Korea : Analysis of Multiphasic Personal Inventory Test

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to confirm whether brain disease or brain trauma actually affect psychopathology in young male group in Korea. METHODS: The authors manually reviewed the result of Korean military multiphasic personal inventory (KMPI) in the examination of conscription in Korea from January 2008 to May 2010. There were total 237 young males in this review. Normal volunteers group (n=150) was composed of those who do not have history of brain disease or brain trauma. Brain disease group (n=33) was consisted of those with history of brain disease. Brain trauma group (n=54) was consisted of those with history of brain trauma. The results of KMPI in each group were compared. RESULTS: Abnormal results of KMPI were found in both brain disease and trauma groups. In the brain disease group, higher tendencies of faking bad response, anxiety, depression, somatization, personality disorder, schizophrenic and paranoid psychopathy was observed and compared to the normal volunteers group. In the brain trauma group, higher tendencies of faking-good, depression, somatization and personality disorder was observed and compared to the normal volunteers group. CONCLUSION: Young male with history of brain disease or brain trauma may have higher tendencies to have abnormal results of multiphasic personal inventory test compared to young male without history of brain disease or brain trauma, suggesting that damaged brain may cause psychopathology in young male group in Korea.